A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network analysis underlying pathogenesis of human heart failure / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#The molecular mechanisms of heart failure (HF) are still poorly understood. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been discovered in the heart in increasing numbers of studies. The goal of this research is to learn more about the potential roles of circRNAs in HF.@*METHODS & RESULTS@#We used RNA sequencing data to identify the characteristics of circRNAs expressed in the heart and discovered that the majority of circRNAs screened were less than 2000 nt. Additionally, chromosomes One and Y had the most and least number of circRNAs, respectively. After excluding duplicate host genes and intergenic circRNAs, a total of 238 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) and 203 host genes were discovered. However, only four of the 203 host genes of DECs were examined in HF differentially expressed genes. Another study used Gene Oncology analysis of DECs host genes to elucidate the underlying pathogenesis of HF, and it found that binding and catalytic activity accounted for a large portion of DECs. Immune system, metabolism, and signal transduction pathways were significantly enriched. Furthermore, 1052 potentially regulated miRNAs from the top 40 DECs were collected to build a circRNA-miRNA network, and it was discovered that 470 miRNAs can be regulated by multiple circRNAs, while others are regulated by a single circRNA. In addition, a comparison of the top 10 mRNAs in HF and their targeted miRNAs revealed that DDX3Y and UTY were regulated by the most and least circRNA, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#These findings demonstrated circRNAs have species and tissue specific expression patterns; while circRNA expression is independent on host genes, the same types of genes in DECs and DEGs worked in HF. Our findings would contribute to a better understanding of the critical roles of circRNAs and lay the groundwork for future studies of HF molecular functions.

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis unveils population evolution and development of pesticide resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.

The nucleocapsid protein of rice stripe virus in cell nuclei of vector insect regulates viral replication

Rice stripe virus (RSV) transmitted by the small brown planthopper causes severe rice yield losses in Asian countries. Although viral nuclear entry promotes viral replication in host cells, whether this phenomenon occurs in vector cells remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we systematically evaluated the presence and roles of RSV in the nuclei of vector insect cells. We observed that the nucleocapsid protein (NP) and viral genomic RNAs were partially transported into vector cell nuclei by utilizing the importin α nuclear transport system. When blocking NP nuclear localization, cytoplasmic RSV accumulation significantly increased. In the vector cell nuclei, NP bound the transcription factor YY1 and affected its positive regulation to FAIM. Subsequently, decreased FAIM expression triggered an antiviral caspase-dependent apoptotic reaction. Our results reveal that viral nuclear entry induces completely different immune effects in vector and host cells, providing new insights into the balance between viral load and the immunity pressure in vector insects.

Effect of fresh Phragmitis Rhizoma on airway inflammation in chronic bronchitis based on TGF-β signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the mechanism of fresh Phragmitis Rhizoma against chronic bronchitis airway inflammation. The SD rats of SPF grade were divided into control group, model group, Guilongkechuanning group(GLKCN, 1.125 g·kg~(-1)), high-dose fresh Phragmitis Rhizoma group(LG-HD, 15 g·kg~(-1)), and low-dose fresh Phragmitis Rhizoma group(LG-LD, 7.5 g·kg~(-1)). The chronic bronchitis models of rats in other groups except the control group were induced by the modified smoking method. From the 15 th day of modeling, the rats were given corresponding agents by gavage for 20 consecutive days. After the last administration, the rats were sacrificed for sample collection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to detect serum transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) and interleukin-6(IL-6) levels. The protein expression of TGF-β, IL-1β and IL-6 in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemical method. Masson staining was performed to detect collagen fibers and muscle fibers in lung tissue, and HE staining to detect the pathological changes of lung tissue. Human bronchial epithelial(16 HBE) cells were cultured in vitro, and CCK-8(cell counting kit-8) method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke extract(CSE) and fresh Phragmitis Rhizoma. After the exposure of 16 HBE cells to 3.5% CSE and appropriate concentration(800, 400 μg·mL~(-1)) of fresh Phragmitis Rhizoma for 24 h, quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to determine the mRNA levels of TGF-β and IL-1β, and Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of TGF-β and IL-6 in the cells. The rat model of chronic bronchitis induced by smoking was successfully established. Fresh Phragmitis Rhizoma reduced serum TGF-β and IL-6 levels, down-regulated the protein levels of TGF-β, IL-1β, and IL-6 in lung tissue, and alleviated pathological changes and fibrotic lesions in lung tissue. Moreover, it down-regulated the CSE-induced protein expression of TGF-β and IL-6 as well as the mRNA level of TGF-β in 16 HBE cells. These results indicated that fresh Phragmitis Rhizoma could prevent airway inflammation from chronic bronchitis and promote cell repair by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway.

Data Mining-Based Macroscopic Exploration of Clinical Medication of Chinese Medicine for Liver Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the macroscopic medication rule of Chinese medicine for the treatment of primary liver cancer and provide references for clinical medication. Method:The databases of CNKI，VIP， and Wanfang Data were searched for research articles published from September 1959 to June 2019 with the terms of "Chinese medicine" and "liver cancer". A database was established based on the collected Chinese medicinal prescriptions for the treatment of primary liver cancer. The frequency，clustering， and association rules were analyzed by Excel， etc. Result:In this study，106 effective articles were included，and after the modified prescriptions were removed， 92 effective prescriptions were screened out，involving 281 Chinese herbal medicines used for 1 181 times in total. The top 5 high-frequency drugs were Poria （deficiency-tonifying），Astragali Radix （heat-clearing），Bupleuri Radix （blood-activating and stasis-resolving），Paeoniae Radix Alba （urination-promoting and dampness-draining）， and Codonopsis Radix （Qi-regulating）. The analysis of drug flavor with a frequency higher than 10 showed that most of the drugs were sweet，bitter， and pungent in flavor，cold，warm， and plain in nature，and acted on spleen and liver meridians. Four combinations and 10 herbal pairs were obtained by the cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs and association analysis， respectively. The high-frequency drugs and potential herbal pairs were classified targeting the specific clinical syndromes in different stages of liver cancer. Conclusion:Replenishing Qi， invigorating spleen，clearing heat， removing toxin，activating blood， and resolving stasis were the basic principles for the treatment of primary liver cancer. The combination of those drugs was the main therapeutic strategy. In addition，the resulting 10 potential herbal pairs from high-frequency drugs and cluster analysis could inspire the clinical treatment of primary liver cancer in different clinical stages with various clinical syndromes， which was of reference value for the clinical medication.

Correction to: Core transcriptional signatures of phase change in the migratory locust

In the original publication the photo of the gregarious adult locust in Fig. 1A is incorrect. The correct photo of adult migratory locust is provided in this correction.

Exploration of Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 by Regulating Mucosal Immune System with Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Patients with low immune function are prone to novel coronavirus infection, which is consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) concept of deficiency of vital Qi and invasion of toxin. At present, it is necessary to focus on the development of antiviral drugs, but it is also urgent to study the preparation for regulating the immune system. Mucosal tissue is an important barrier of human immune system. It has an independent immune system with unique functions and structures. It is the body's first line of defense against infection, and is in direct contact with external antigens (such as food, symbiotic bacteria, viruses, etc.). In the resistance to viruses and infections, the mucosal immune system (such as respiratory mucosa, intestinal mucosa, etc.) plays an extremely important role, which can eliminate foreign pathogenic microorganisms or other foreign antigens, so that the virus does not invade the body tissue and cause damage to the body. There are more and more reports on the therapeutic effects of TCM through the mucosal immune system. This paper aims to explore the relationship between mucosal immunity and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the intervention mechanism of TCM, so as to provide useful research methods and therapeutic ideas for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on AnxA1 gene and PPARγ gene of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells of rabbit / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma(PRP) on starting of AnxA1 gene and PPARγ gene of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in rabbit.Methods Epididymal adipose tissue stem cells from New Zealand white rabbits,and the cells identified by morphology and inducing differentiation,the cells were cultured to the fourth generation,PRP and PPP (platelet-poor plasma) were prepared by traditional centrifugal method from abdominal aortic of rabbit;ADSCs were cultured in culture medium containing PRP (experimental group),PPP (control group) and all medium (blank group) for each 5％ for 24 h,48h and 72 h.Cells of each group were dissociated and total RNA extracted.AnxA1 gene and PPARγ gene were detected by RT-PCR.Results Primary ADSCs of rabbit grew in the way of long spindle swirly.The results of oil red O and alizarin red staining of the ADSCs were positive.AnxA1 gene and PPARγ gene of experimental group significantly increased from the result of RT-PCR (P＜0.05).Conclusions PRP can promote proliferation of the ADSCs of rabbit and increase the expression of AnxA1 gene and PPARγ gene significantly.

Analysis of eczema animal model based on clinical characteristics / 中国中药杂志

The coincidence of the existing eczema animal model and the clinical characteristics of eczema, and the application characteristics of eczema animal model were analyzed, and the evaluation method and improvement method of corresponding eczema animal model was put forward. Based on the clinical diagnostic criteria of eczema of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, the characteristics of current eczema model and the modeling method were summarized, and the anastomosis situations between the existing animal model and the eczema clinical characteristics were analyzed. At present, the back eczema models of mice have been usually used, which reflected the pathophysiological characteristics of clinical eczema to a certain degree. However, the existing animal models fail to reflect the clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. Future studies focused on establishing animal models that better reflect the clinical characteristics of eczema and the index system of eczema model.

Analysis of animal models based on clinical symptoms of gout / 中国中药杂志

According to the characteristics of gout's clinical symptoms, the common gout animal models were analyzed, and the anastomosis and application prospect of the existing gout animal models with the clinical symptoms were discussed. At present, there are three models of gout: hyperuricemia model, gouty arthritis model and gouty nephropathy model. There are many methods of gout modeling, but there is a lack of animal model replication that could reflect the characteristics of gout's clinical symptoms and reflect the etiology of gout, and there is still a gap between the clinical symptoms and the clinical symptoms. In this paper, the characteristics and modeling methods of the three animal models were summarized, and compared with the clinical symptoms and standards, the anastomosis between the existing animal models and the clinical symptoms were analyzed and discussed, and the evaluation and improvement methods of the corresponding animal models were put forward. It provides a reliable experimental method for the treatment of gout by traditional Chinese medicine.

Clinical observation of soft tissue wire rivets in the treatment of large patellar cartilage fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical curative effect of soft tissue wire rivet for the treatment of fracture of patella cartilage.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted in 25 patients(25 knees) from June 2015 to February 2017 in patients with patellar cartilage fractures. Among them, 19 were male, 6 were female, 11 were left knee, 14 were right knee. The accident occurred in 2 cases, 23 cases of sprained athletes; the average age was(25.12±6.02) years old, the average weight was (62.48±7.91) kg, and the average body mass index was(23.25±1.51) kg/m². The average time from injury to admission was (1.96±1.51) d. The clinical manifestations were swelling of knee joint, positive floating patella sign, severe pain, occasional joint strangulation, limited flexion and extension, obvious tenderness of lateral patella, positive patellar extrapolation test and positive extrapolation fear test. X-ray and CT examination were performed before operation. X-ray showed the continuity of patellar bone and a loose body in the joint cavity. CT and 3D reconstruction showed patellar cartilage and facial defects. All 25 patients were fixed with soft tissue wire rivet. The clinical efficacy included preoperative Lysholm score and Insall evaluation.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 3 to 15 months, with an average of(9.72±4.07) months. The preoperative Lysholm score was 60.32±5.08, and the final follow-up was 88.24±4.37. The postoperative score was better than that before operation(-22.926, <0.05). According to Insall criteria, 21 cases were excellent, 4 cases were good, no fracture fragments were found and knee joint adhesion was found. Six weeks after operation, X-ray and CT showed that the fracture was well positioned, the cartilage surface was smooth without obvious steps, and the patella was in good shape. MRI showed the smooth articular surface of patellar cartilage at the 6th month after operation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Soft tissue wire rivet for the treatment of massive patellar cartilage fracture has the advantages of simple operation, rapid postoperative recovery, no need for secondary operation pain, fewer complications, and definite effect, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Preparation and identification of protein chip for detecting components of peach allergen / 基础医学与临床

Objective To prepare a protein chip for the detection of serum antibodies against several peach allergen components, and to provide a rapid and reliable method for clinical diagnosis of peach allergic disease .Methods The coding sequences of six key peach components Pru p 1, Pru p 2, Pru p 3, Pru p 4, Pru p 7 and Pru p G were inserted into pGAPZαA yeast expression vector.Then the vectors were digested by endonuclease Avr Ⅱ and electroporated into yeast SMD1168 for protein expression.After peach proteins were purified, the protein chip was prepared and used to detect the antibodies against peach allergen components in serum samples from 41 suspected patients.The sensitivity and specificity of the protein chip were verified by comparison with ImmunoCAP method .Res ults The protein chip was prepared with these proteins for detecting IgE antibodies in serum samples against these four peach allergen components.The results showed that the sensitivity of the protein chip to Pru p 1, Pru p 3 and Pru p 4 was 40%, 100%and 100%, and the specificity was 100%, 50%and 100%respectively.The total sensitivity and specificity was 86%and 96%respectively.Six serum samples from peach allergy patients were identified Pru p7 antibody positive by the protein chip.Co nclusions The sensitivity and specificity of the protein chip is comparable to ImmunoCAP.It needs less serum and so to be a potential method for the clinical diagnosis of peach allergenic disease after optimization.

Differential expression of estrogen receptor GPR30 in main supporting ligaments of patients with pelvic organ prolapsed / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To investigate the expression levels of estrogen receptor GPR30, elastin, collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ ), and Col Ⅲ in the uterus round ligament and the cardial ligament in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and main components in extracellular matrix (ECM). Methods · 22 patients with POP (the POP group) and 10 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅲ (the control group) were enrolled. Hysterectomy specimens were collected and expressions of GPR30, elastin, Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ in the uterine round ligament and the cardial ligament tissues were detected with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results · Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results showed that the expressions of GPR30, elastin, Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ in the uterine round ligament and the cardial ligament tissues were significantly lower in the POP group than in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion · The occurrence of POP may be associated with estrogen receptor deficiency and decreased contents of collagen and elastin in relevant tissues. Whether GPR30 is involved in the synthesis, secretion and degradation of ECM major components in pelvic support tissues needs further investigation.

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity: Correlation with other radiologic findings in acute ischemic stroke with middle cerebral artery occlusion

Objective: To assess fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyper-intensity (FVH) and explore its relationship with CT perfusion (CTP) penumbral/infarct core mismatch ratio and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) final infarct volume in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods: The CTP and MRI images of 38 AIS patients with MCAO were reviewed. The FVH score (longitudinal direction) [FVH score (L)] and FVH score (transverse direction) [FVH score (T)] were quantified on the FLAIR images. The FVH score (L) (range, 0-16) was based on a rostrocaudal extension of FVH and the FVH score (T) (range, 0-3) was based on FVH supply of the occluded MCA territory. The mismatch ratio was calculated from the ratio of the [mean transit time - cerebral blood volume (CBV)] lesion/CBV lesion on the CTP images. The DWI infarct volume was measured on the DWI images. Results: The mismatch ratio was larger for the group of FVH score (L)=7~8 than those of FVH score (L)=5~6 and FVH score (L)=3~4 (p=0.03), whereas the DWI infarct volume was smaller (p=0.04). Similarly, the mismatch ratio of FVH score (T)=2~3 group was larger than FVH score (T)=1 group (p=0.01), whereas the DWI infarct volume was smaller (p=0.02). Both FVH score (L) and FVH score (T) correlated positively with mismatch ratio (P=0.02, P=0.001, respectively), but negatively with DWI infarct volume (P=0.03, P=0.004, respectively). Conclusions: Higher FVH score is associated with larger mismatch ratio and smaller DWI infarct volume in AIS patients with MCAO. FLAIR vascular hyperintensity may represent collateral arterial circulation, and may play a role in protecting the ischemic penumbra.

Differential expression of estrogen receptor GPR30 in main supporting ligaments of patients with pelvic organ prolapsed / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To investigate the expression levels of estrogen receptor GPR30, elastin, collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ ), and Col Ⅲ in the uterus round ligament and the cardial ligament in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and main components in extracellular matrix (ECM). Methods · 22 patients with POP (the POP group) and 10 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅲ (the control group) were enrolled. Hysterectomy specimens were collected and expressions of GPR30, elastin, Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ in the uterine round ligament and the cardial ligament tissues were detected with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results · Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results showed that the expressions of GPR30, elastin, Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ in the uterine round ligament and the cardial ligament tissues were significantly lower in the POP group than in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion · The occurrence of POP may be associated with estrogen receptor deficiency and decreased contents of collagen and elastin in relevant tissues. Whether GPR30 is involved in the synthesis, secretion and degradation of ECM major components in pelvic support tissues needs further investigation.

Study on the Effects of Total Cost Prospective Payment System on the Consumption of Drugs / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the consumption of drugs after the inplementation of total cost prospective payment sys-tem(PPS),and to provide reference for hospital drug cost control. METHODS:The data of prescriptions collected from 9 hospital during 2007-2014 were divided into group A,B and C according to PPS,and then summarized statistically in respects of increase rate of total consumption sum,consumption sum ratio of major category;the drug cost per time of outpatient department,emergen-cy department and inpatient department were calculated as well as consumption sum ratio of self-paid drugs;the dosage per time of drugs in blood pressure and diabetes prescription were also calculated. RESULTS:The total consumption sum of drug increased slowly after the implementation of total cost PPS;the consumption sum ratio of major category kept stable,while that of anti-infec-tive agent decreased;the emergency drug cost per time achieved a negative growth,and outpatient and inpatient drug cost per time increased slightly. The proportion of self-paid drugs was relatively stable. The dosage per time of drugs in hypertension and diabetes prescriptions was stable,too. CONCLUSIONS:Total cost PPS is useful in controlling the rapid growth of drug costs,and promote the reasonable drug use. The consumption sum of self-paid drugs are well controlled. The increase of drug cost per time in outpa-tient and inpatient should arouse the attention of the relevant departments. In addition,it has no effect on drug dosage for the pa-tients with hypertension and diabetes.

Anthropometric analysis of facial aging in 1200 Han adult people in Dalian / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the facial aging analysis of 1200 Han adult people in Dalian with iris diameter, so as to provide reference for facial rejuvenation in Han people.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1200 facial digital photographs from the second-generation ID card of China were stratified randomly selected as the research sample, excluding facial deformity, tattooing eyebrow, tattooing lid margin, ptosis, lip grain and eyebrow deformity cases, as well as the cases whose join point of upper eyelid and lower eyelid not exposed at the nasal side. These photos were divided into six cohorts: female aged 18, 38, and 68 years old; and male aged 18, 38, and 68 years old, with 200 cases in each cohort. The individual iris diameter was divided into 20 equal parts in each photograph, with each part marked one unit as individual iris diameter ruler. Ten values were made from a horizontal plane between the medial canthus to ten points at one face ( the line between two medial canthus is used as the horizontal line, circumocular and facial soft tissue were measured with individual iris diameter ruler on the photographs), then the results were analyzed with Adobe Photoshop software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There are statistically significant differences in eyebrow height (36.42 ± 4.22 unit in 18 years old male group, 40.22 ± 6.90 unit in 38 years old male group, 34.83 ± 9.39 unit in 68 years old male group; 37.59 ± 6.72 unit in 18 years old female group, 41.09 ± 5.15 unit in 38 years old female group, 36.84 ± 9.45 unit in 68 years old female group), palpebral fissure height, physiognomic external canthus height, palpebral fissure width, pupil height and other items (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) The brow position rises to the peak level at middle age (38 years old group), then drops down gradually with aging. (2) The physiognomic external canthus moves towards the nasal side and caudal side with aging. (3) Eyeball moves towards caudal side with aging. (4) The soft tissue around bilateral angle of mouth, nasal tip and submaxilla moves towards caudal side with aging. (5) The measurement of individual iris diameter ruler can apply to analyze the aging changes of facial soft tissue, and is more suitable for the case when facial photographs are taken at different distances.</p>

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on wnt3 gene and klotho gene of adipose-derived stem cells of rabbit / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on starting of wnt3 gene and klotho gene of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) of rabbit.Methods Epididymal adipose tissue stem cells were obtained from New Zealand white rabbits,and the cells identified by morphology and inducing differentiation,and the cells were cultured to the fourth generation,PRP and PPP (platelet-poor plasma) were prepared by traditional centrifugal method from abdominal aortic of rabbit; ADSCs were cultured in culture medium containing PRP (experimental group),PPP (control group) and all medium (blank group) for each 5％ for 24h,48h and 72h.Cells of each group were dissociated and total RNA extracted.Effects of the starting of wnt3 gene and klotho gene were detected by RT-PCR.Results Primary ADSCs of rabbit grew in the way of long spindle swirly.The results of oil red O and alizarin red staining of the ADSCs were positive.Expression of wnt3 gene and klotho gene in the experimental group significantly increased from the results of RT-PCR (P＜0.05).Conclusions PRP can promote proliferation of the ADSCs of rabbit and increase the expression of wnt3 gene and klotho gene significantly.

A porcine model of orthotopic left lung transplantation / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To establish a porcine allogeneic left lung orthotopic transplantation model to closely simu-late human lung transplantation.Methods Twelve Huanjiang mini-pigs were used as donors and 12 Bama mini-pigs as recipients.The left lung orthotopic transplantation was completed by the left fourth intercostal thoracotomy.At 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h after transplantation, the left and right pulmonary artery pressure were measured, the left and right pulmonary vein blood gas was analyzed, and samples of the left and right lung tissues were taken to determine the water content and for pathological examination.Results All animals survived, and the transplanted pulmonary vein blood PaO2/FiO2 and PAP were rised along with the prolonged postoperative time, compared with those of the recipient normal lung showing a signifi-cant difference (P<0.05).With the pass of time, there were increasing edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, RBC ooze, thickening of alveolar wall in the transplanted lung tissue, and some alveolar lumen occlusion and lung tissue consolidation. The water content of the transplanted lung tissue was increased significantly compared with that in the recipient lung tissue ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions The established method in this study provides an ideal animal model for research on lung transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injury and immune rejection mechanism.

Expressions and clinical significances of SMO, STAT3 and MMP-9 in triple negative breast cancer / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the expressions and clinical significances of SMO , STAT3 and MMP-9 in triple negative breast cancer ( TNBC) .Methods:The expressions of SMO , STAT3 and MMP-9 were immunohistochemically detected in 33 cases of TNBC, 30 cases of mammary hyperplasia and 18 cases of normal breast tissue , and the relationships among SMO , STAT3 and MMP-9 and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of TNBC patients were analyzed .Results:In TNBC and mammary hyperplasia tissue , the positive expression rates of SMO were 90.9%and 60.0%,the positive expression rates of STAT3 were 96.9% and 73.3%, the positive expression rates of MMP-9 were 90.9% and 36.7%, respectively, however, expressions of them were completely absent in normal breast tissue .The significant correlations were observed between expressions of SMO , STAT3 and MMP-9 in TNBC, mammary hyperplasia and normal breast tissue (P<0.05).The expression of SMO and STAT3 was correlated with superior histologic grade and tumor stage .The expression of MMP-9 was correlated with metastasis of lymph node .The positive correlation was manifested between SMO and STAT3(r=0.361,P<0.05),between SMO and MMP-9 (r=0.633,P<0.01),between MMP-9 and STAT3 (r=0.803,P<0.01) in TNBC.The survival time of TNBC patients was correlated with SMO expression and pTNM (P<0.05).Conclusion:SMO, STAT3 and MMP-9 may play important roles in development of TNBC and may be an important therapeutic target in TNBC .